Do we really think that the world is looking highly upon us? Do we think that we are a respectful nation? Do we think that anybody is looking up upon us?
1. Great Britain is imposing 6-month observation on our nation and thinking about mandatory entry visa for any kind of entry to UK. Our country is vision as the third world country and associated with forgery, overstay, etc.
2. A Malaysian student in Melbourne, Australia was beaten senseless a few days ago for unknown reason.
3. European Nation is thinking of banning our marine product forcing us to voluntary suspend our marine export that worth a few billions to our revenue.
4. United States is observing our juristic system and our enforcement on human right on recent Anuar sodomy allergation.
5. Singapore is putting up 12 miles nautica claim of water area around Pulau Batu Puteh without further consultation with Malaysia.
6. International Court awarded PBP to Singapore disregarding our rightful ownership of the piece of rock.
7. Korean and Chinese is dumping their cars in Malaysia at rock bottom price to acquire market share and weaken our local automotive industry.
8. We are the end-user of low class pharmaceutical product and still among the highest medicine dependant user in the world.
9. Our car is hardly recognized anywhere and not even at UK area where Proton own Lotus and sustaining Lotus existence in the market.
10. Amongst the wanted in the world for DVD piracy is a Malaysian.
11. We gave no threat in the world of sports. Name any sport and that is not a single nation in the world have worries about losing to us. Yes, there is Nicole, our only world top rank, but she was not Malaysian produced athlete, she work for it herself.
12. We are no strangers on drug transportation business. We possess good count of man and woman nabbed at the foreign airport for carrying drugs.
When you walk around and you see a tourist pass you by. What do you think is these peoples thought of you? What was their expectation to visit our country? Should you entertain them and show our hospitality? Should we prove them wrong or they just have to correct it themselves? Should you give them the racist eyes, the same look that they are giving you when you are in their country?
Maybe we should beat them senseless like they did to our student in Melbourne. Maybe we should give them enough drugs and call police to nab them instead. Give them enough to be convicted to our feared death penalty.
Not even Singaporean that share our ethnic and blood give us the proper respect. From no chewing gum and legal prostitution country, often flashing their headlight telling us to get out of their speeding way. Rubbish disposed from car window. Talking with tone like they are better.
How about Nepalese, Indonesian, Bangla and all these foreign that take our job and accept low pay in our industrialization and development? What about the desperate foreign woman that shaken a lot of local family stability and marriage? What about the man that now openly courting our woman and even possess threat to our woman’s safety? What about these white people, Japanese, Germans, French, etc that keep stealing our better rank position in company?
Perhaps, what we should do now is to be racist more than we ever been before, more than now. Perhaps by being racist and hate all the outsiders living in Malaysia, whether they are cheap labour or highly paid ex-pat, then we could be united and forget about this political racism among us three ethnic group.
Wednesday, 30 July 2008
Sunday, 27 July 2008
Proton needs to produce own gearbox
NAP almost synonym with Proton from public view. Proton is still viewed as overly priced car with little quality values. New Proton management had taken drastic approach on regaining public confidence on the brand and significant improvement had been achieved, but not quite enough.
I personally can’t disagree with the public opinion. After all, I am the end user who have to put up with the long term loan, live with all kind of abnormal component noises and have little option to move up to a foreign brand.
Have Proton done enough to ensure their continuous existence and benefit the public with good and reasonably priced car?
If you read my previous article, I did mention about the ‘locality’ of the material and technology of making a car. Our automotive need to be architecture to meet those entire requirements to ensure our global competitiveness. Then our government need to ease up on the tax to ensure affordability.
Looking at the customer perspective, most of Proton buyer with Proton own Campro engine has major issues with the engine performance. Unfortunately, CAMRPO is the only engine that Proton own. How about the transmission? We do not manufacture our own transmission. Putting this into global competitiveness aspect, we will not stand a chance to have to outsource one of the major vehicle components.
As an immediate step, I would strongly suggest Proton to look onto second-generation engine and manufacture own transmission. Along the way, a new breed of suppliers need to be nurtured on producing high precision machining and forging as part of essential ingredient for engine and transmission.
Government can’t hide Proton under NAP forever. The public are not to shoulder Proton forever. It has to end and soon.
To prepare for the inevitable future, measures need to be taken on reducing the loan term. This 9 years loan is not healthy for automotive industry. Gradually, the loan term ceiling needs to be reduced. Second-hand market is hurting and new car buyer is further constricted.
To have Malaysia to be the automotive centre of this region is too late and not worth to fight for. Thailand is well too established with that. Thailand offers consistent local labour, higher range of technology availability, cooler climate, more food and better entertainment. Malaysia on the other hand offers unpredictable policy, prepaid quality recognition, high transportation cost, political intervention, self-interest and ever-changing foreign labour.
I personally can’t disagree with the public opinion. After all, I am the end user who have to put up with the long term loan, live with all kind of abnormal component noises and have little option to move up to a foreign brand.
Have Proton done enough to ensure their continuous existence and benefit the public with good and reasonably priced car?
If you read my previous article, I did mention about the ‘locality’ of the material and technology of making a car. Our automotive need to be architecture to meet those entire requirements to ensure our global competitiveness. Then our government need to ease up on the tax to ensure affordability.
Looking at the customer perspective, most of Proton buyer with Proton own Campro engine has major issues with the engine performance. Unfortunately, CAMRPO is the only engine that Proton own. How about the transmission? We do not manufacture our own transmission. Putting this into global competitiveness aspect, we will not stand a chance to have to outsource one of the major vehicle components.
As an immediate step, I would strongly suggest Proton to look onto second-generation engine and manufacture own transmission. Along the way, a new breed of suppliers need to be nurtured on producing high precision machining and forging as part of essential ingredient for engine and transmission.
Government can’t hide Proton under NAP forever. The public are not to shoulder Proton forever. It has to end and soon.
To prepare for the inevitable future, measures need to be taken on reducing the loan term. This 9 years loan is not healthy for automotive industry. Gradually, the loan term ceiling needs to be reduced. Second-hand market is hurting and new car buyer is further constricted.
To have Malaysia to be the automotive centre of this region is too late and not worth to fight for. Thailand is well too established with that. Thailand offers consistent local labour, higher range of technology availability, cooler climate, more food and better entertainment. Malaysia on the other hand offers unpredictable policy, prepaid quality recognition, high transportation cost, political intervention, self-interest and ever-changing foreign labour.
Tuesday, 22 July 2008
Do we really need 100 mil pig farm?
Malaysia is populated by 67% Malays which are Muslim by default. Chinese accumulated about 73% of the remaining population.
At the age of modernization, socio economy contribution by these two races is very significant.
Per capita, Chinese probably out perform the Malays by miles. Chinese also played a major role on this country economy growth.
Pig is considered very dirty in Muslim perspective. It was told to me that pig was originated on the Noah ship sent from god, born by elephant with purpose no other than to clean the waste on the Noah ship. This ship hold a pair of all animals and you could imagine the waste produced by this animal and human on board.
I also read that pork meat contained a type of worm that has long-term effect on human health.
Pig was also blamed for JE spread years ago. But it was only pig associated with diseases; there are also threat of bird-flu from chicken and mad cow disease.
There are many negative ideas when it comes to pork consuming. Bottom line is that Muslim can’t accept pig in any form of anything that has to do with pig because pigs are ‘najis’. Pig scent itself already offended Muslim/ Malays. To have Malays to drink water filtered from a river that have pig farm on the other end would disgust the society. We can’t even compensate Malays with royalty such oil royalty on the profit sharing because it will be deemed ‘haram’.
Therefore, Malay can’t accept pig, as much as Chinese love to consume them.
How do we move forward with this issue? How do we apply what we are fighting for, democracy and equality? Is there a toleration point that would benefit us all?
Being a bumi, I felt the heat from these equality ideas. Being an educated man, I felt the unjust. Honestly, I do think somewhere of this unjust, there are strong reason for it to be carry on. The line might have to be shifted in term of pro-Malay segregation, nevertheless it can’t be totally eliminated.
To get Malay buy in require toleration by the non-bumis at some extend. Live your life like ours would make you more ‘us’. Continue separating our way of life would extent the racial differentiation among us.
On this particular issue, I believe disregarding our ethnic, all of us consume similar poultry product except pork. Imagine a country that one has not to worry about halal/haram as all the poultry sources in Malaysia would be halal. Chinese and Indian have never had any problem dining in a Malay restaurant or go to Malay wet market, but Malay just have to go to the halal source. Chinese consumer base is more restricted compare to Malay.
Can we live without pig product in Malaysia? Can we ensure all the poultry product halal in Malaysia? Can we be more Malaysian (Malay as majority)?
As long that we eat at different restaurant, shop at different market, study at different school and living in different areas, we can’t ever be as one. We are different in skin colour, eyes, hair and religion, but that can be the only separation that we have. You see, big sacrifice required from non-Bumis in term of way of life, almost as big as what Bumis is asked to sacrifice
At the age of modernization, socio economy contribution by these two races is very significant.
Per capita, Chinese probably out perform the Malays by miles. Chinese also played a major role on this country economy growth.
Pig is considered very dirty in Muslim perspective. It was told to me that pig was originated on the Noah ship sent from god, born by elephant with purpose no other than to clean the waste on the Noah ship. This ship hold a pair of all animals and you could imagine the waste produced by this animal and human on board.
I also read that pork meat contained a type of worm that has long-term effect on human health.
Pig was also blamed for JE spread years ago. But it was only pig associated with diseases; there are also threat of bird-flu from chicken and mad cow disease.
There are many negative ideas when it comes to pork consuming. Bottom line is that Muslim can’t accept pig in any form of anything that has to do with pig because pigs are ‘najis’. Pig scent itself already offended Muslim/ Malays. To have Malays to drink water filtered from a river that have pig farm on the other end would disgust the society. We can’t even compensate Malays with royalty such oil royalty on the profit sharing because it will be deemed ‘haram’.
Therefore, Malay can’t accept pig, as much as Chinese love to consume them.
How do we move forward with this issue? How do we apply what we are fighting for, democracy and equality? Is there a toleration point that would benefit us all?
Being a bumi, I felt the heat from these equality ideas. Being an educated man, I felt the unjust. Honestly, I do think somewhere of this unjust, there are strong reason for it to be carry on. The line might have to be shifted in term of pro-Malay segregation, nevertheless it can’t be totally eliminated.
To get Malay buy in require toleration by the non-bumis at some extend. Live your life like ours would make you more ‘us’. Continue separating our way of life would extent the racial differentiation among us.
On this particular issue, I believe disregarding our ethnic, all of us consume similar poultry product except pork. Imagine a country that one has not to worry about halal/haram as all the poultry sources in Malaysia would be halal. Chinese and Indian have never had any problem dining in a Malay restaurant or go to Malay wet market, but Malay just have to go to the halal source. Chinese consumer base is more restricted compare to Malay.
Can we live without pig product in Malaysia? Can we ensure all the poultry product halal in Malaysia? Can we be more Malaysian (Malay as majority)?
As long that we eat at different restaurant, shop at different market, study at different school and living in different areas, we can’t ever be as one. We are different in skin colour, eyes, hair and religion, but that can be the only separation that we have. You see, big sacrifice required from non-Bumis in term of way of life, almost as big as what Bumis is asked to sacrifice
Monday, 21 July 2008
Datuk Ahmad Said and his E200 Kompressor
Can somebody whip this bloke senseless? How could Mercedes E200 Kompressor be any cheaper that Perdana V6? 50k were spent on Perdana V6 maintenance in two years. I am really hoping ACA is taking this public statement and start to look into it. This is daylight robbery. How could he justify that payment and how could he willingly sign off RM3.43 mil to spend on 14 cars??
What this Datuk meant, in the long run they can ‘buy’ back the car from Terengganu state at the price of a SAGA. They can drive it and practically personal cars at the mean time. Aren’t we talking about people difficult time with economy uncertainties, inflation and poor living standard?
I am not going to say much on this matter. I am just truly frustrated of this event. This probably the only highlight of UMNO leadership after acquires Terengganu from PAS. Each of those who receive the car should take a drive to Tasik Kenyir and stop by at each sagging wooden house and get these families to test drive the car. Maybe if they got a taste for it, it would make a better living out of them.
What this Datuk meant, in the long run they can ‘buy’ back the car from Terengganu state at the price of a SAGA. They can drive it and practically personal cars at the mean time. Aren’t we talking about people difficult time with economy uncertainties, inflation and poor living standard?
I am not going to say much on this matter. I am just truly frustrated of this event. This probably the only highlight of UMNO leadership after acquires Terengganu from PAS. Each of those who receive the car should take a drive to Tasik Kenyir and stop by at each sagging wooden house and get these families to test drive the car. Maybe if they got a taste for it, it would make a better living out of them.
Thursday, 17 July 2008
Malaysian development in the hand of foreign labour - Part 2
To have more local force and depleting foreign labour count need a serious consideration from both potential employer and employee.
Employer will face the most difficulties on undermining the fact that more effort needed to attract local labours. Needless to say, there are also financial obligations on proper wages and associated benefits. Furthermore, the employer will also face operation inconsistency risk with staff absents.
On the other hand, potential local employee having issues on the wages earning. Since the locals need the money here and make a permanent living here, similar salary standard for foreign workers deemed unfit to sustain living requirement. If the basic remuneration offered at RM700 a month, even poverty line set at RM1000 a month has not been exceeded.
By this simple fact, we know that our country is facing a serious problem, employment taken by cheaper foreigners, there are local unemployment rate to be resolve and employed local workers still within poverty bracket.
This is when government intervention is highly needed. We can’t afford to allow our job allocation taken by foreigners, huge cash outflow from country and high numbers of local in poverty bracket and unemployed.
The big question raised, is our economy be able to be sustained without this foreigners? To answer this, we can’t singularize all the sectors as one. One sector behave differently that the others.
Manufacturing sector have the severest impact. Since we are exporting lots of goods and up against other competitive exporter such Thailand, China, Taiwan and India, the survival key is to keep the cost at minimum. Still, with the foreign labour, we are barely competing with them. Tun Mahathir had commented on this, and I truly agree that we need to come up with other selling point to foreign investors to invest in our manufacturing sector such integrity and quality. Integrity prevent fund leakage and quality spells premium. Higher branding premium made sellable price higher and the gap would be able to compensate higher cost of labour.
Construction sector would also be affected. However, the effect is much reduced. Malaysian construction sectors offer a very good profit margin. To attract locals means more pay and these companies should be able to live with smaller margin.
If the government could protect a lot of concessionaire, national car, national airline, and other corporate bodies, I don’t see any reason why the government can’t impose something to protect the local job. We are very good at subsidies, incentive and exemptions; this is one of the aspects that those words can be put to good use
Employer will face the most difficulties on undermining the fact that more effort needed to attract local labours. Needless to say, there are also financial obligations on proper wages and associated benefits. Furthermore, the employer will also face operation inconsistency risk with staff absents.
On the other hand, potential local employee having issues on the wages earning. Since the locals need the money here and make a permanent living here, similar salary standard for foreign workers deemed unfit to sustain living requirement. If the basic remuneration offered at RM700 a month, even poverty line set at RM1000 a month has not been exceeded.
By this simple fact, we know that our country is facing a serious problem, employment taken by cheaper foreigners, there are local unemployment rate to be resolve and employed local workers still within poverty bracket.
This is when government intervention is highly needed. We can’t afford to allow our job allocation taken by foreigners, huge cash outflow from country and high numbers of local in poverty bracket and unemployed.
The big question raised, is our economy be able to be sustained without this foreigners? To answer this, we can’t singularize all the sectors as one. One sector behave differently that the others.
Manufacturing sector have the severest impact. Since we are exporting lots of goods and up against other competitive exporter such Thailand, China, Taiwan and India, the survival key is to keep the cost at minimum. Still, with the foreign labour, we are barely competing with them. Tun Mahathir had commented on this, and I truly agree that we need to come up with other selling point to foreign investors to invest in our manufacturing sector such integrity and quality. Integrity prevent fund leakage and quality spells premium. Higher branding premium made sellable price higher and the gap would be able to compensate higher cost of labour.
Construction sector would also be affected. However, the effect is much reduced. Malaysian construction sectors offer a very good profit margin. To attract locals means more pay and these companies should be able to live with smaller margin.
If the government could protect a lot of concessionaire, national car, national airline, and other corporate bodies, I don’t see any reason why the government can’t impose something to protect the local job. We are very good at subsidies, incentive and exemptions; this is one of the aspects that those words can be put to good use
Wednesday, 16 July 2008
TNB - Power generation and tariff
Quoted:
Why tariff review is NECESSARY?
Basically, TNB have to supply more power based on demand expansion from industrialization. TNB also have to curb or control domestic demand to overcome demand variable, which led to further infrastructure expansion requirement.
TNB have to generate electricity based on highest expected demand. Failure to do so will led to power overload and tripped the system. Power production is the key running cost and excess power supplied is deemed inefficient, as the power can’t be stored at high scale.
Domestically, TNB should first evaluate multi usage tariff systems. 200kWh usage that consumer enjoys lower tariff is not sufficient to cater daily basic requirement. TNB is saying otherwise as air conditioning is considered luxury even in a nation with over 30 degrees Celsius ambient temperature climate. This is absurd.
To move forward and benefit both party (TNB (Government) and domestic consumer), serious consideration of expanding the lower tariff usage quota is needed. Basic requirement list require expansion and ‘home business’ element need to be considered at our cost of living increase situation.
Secondly, TNB need to consider alternate charging. In industrial rate, there are peak and off-peak rate applies. Such application needs to be expanded for domestic consumers to benefit both parties. To have off peak rate will promote usage during off-peak and reduce excess electricity loss for TNB. Consumer will eventually limit A/C usage to off-peak period and so are other domestic electrical appliances such washing machine, rice cooker, kettle, iron and the list would go on.
Consumer shall not be burden of the requirement expansion from industrial and business requirement that give government direct benefits from tax revenues. Instead, a smarter system needs to be in place for the public to enjoy benefits from government enrichment.
Dam approach for electricity generation however should be less sensitive of variable output rate. Dam generate electricity from water flow that directly revolute the turbine and generate electricity. There are long start up procedure and cost for typical oil, gas or coal power plant that involve hours heating and priming before electricity to be generated. With vast rainfall per year in Malaysia, it would be the best long-term sustainable approach for electricity generation with lowest possible operational cost.
There is also other alternative worth pursuing such wind turbine. Detail study required on the wind pattern to see if the location fit for the application requirement. To have wind turbine on inshore area would benefit not only sustainable energy production but also provide a protective habitat for marine life thus boost marine output yield.
Even nuclear reactor seems reasonable to move forward to with quite substantial savings on the long term, the active material cost would escalate through time due to limited supply with expansion demand world wide. It would potentially be similar to NGV application now which is fairly cost effective to have NGV vehicle but eventually the NGV cost will go up and cost advantage would become insufficient.
Since TNB profitability is very biased to shareholders benefit only while losses are a subject for government protection, we as the aware public must look into curbing TNB wastage for our benefits.
Why tariff review is NECESSARY?
Cost of supplying electricity has increased since the last tariff review. Most of the cost of supplying electricity has increased beyond TNB’s control. To ensure sustainable electricity supply reliability:
-
Large capital expenditure is required to maintain and enhance electricity supply infrastructure - Benefits from operational efficiency alone is insufficient to support the demand growth for electricity
- A reliable electricity supply system is a prerequisite for the nation’s economic growth.
- Low tariff leads to inefficient use of electricity and national resources.
Basically, TNB have to supply more power based on demand expansion from industrialization. TNB also have to curb or control domestic demand to overcome demand variable, which led to further infrastructure expansion requirement.
TNB have to generate electricity based on highest expected demand. Failure to do so will led to power overload and tripped the system. Power production is the key running cost and excess power supplied is deemed inefficient, as the power can’t be stored at high scale.
Domestically, TNB should first evaluate multi usage tariff systems. 200kWh usage that consumer enjoys lower tariff is not sufficient to cater daily basic requirement. TNB is saying otherwise as air conditioning is considered luxury even in a nation with over 30 degrees Celsius ambient temperature climate. This is absurd.
To move forward and benefit both party (TNB (Government) and domestic consumer), serious consideration of expanding the lower tariff usage quota is needed. Basic requirement list require expansion and ‘home business’ element need to be considered at our cost of living increase situation.
Secondly, TNB need to consider alternate charging. In industrial rate, there are peak and off-peak rate applies. Such application needs to be expanded for domestic consumers to benefit both parties. To have off peak rate will promote usage during off-peak and reduce excess electricity loss for TNB. Consumer will eventually limit A/C usage to off-peak period and so are other domestic electrical appliances such washing machine, rice cooker, kettle, iron and the list would go on.
Consumer shall not be burden of the requirement expansion from industrial and business requirement that give government direct benefits from tax revenues. Instead, a smarter system needs to be in place for the public to enjoy benefits from government enrichment.
Dam approach for electricity generation however should be less sensitive of variable output rate. Dam generate electricity from water flow that directly revolute the turbine and generate electricity. There are long start up procedure and cost for typical oil, gas or coal power plant that involve hours heating and priming before electricity to be generated. With vast rainfall per year in Malaysia, it would be the best long-term sustainable approach for electricity generation with lowest possible operational cost.
There is also other alternative worth pursuing such wind turbine. Detail study required on the wind pattern to see if the location fit for the application requirement. To have wind turbine on inshore area would benefit not only sustainable energy production but also provide a protective habitat for marine life thus boost marine output yield.
Even nuclear reactor seems reasonable to move forward to with quite substantial savings on the long term, the active material cost would escalate through time due to limited supply with expansion demand world wide. It would potentially be similar to NGV application now which is fairly cost effective to have NGV vehicle but eventually the NGV cost will go up and cost advantage would become insufficient.
Since TNB profitability is very biased to shareholders benefit only while losses are a subject for government protection, we as the aware public must look into curbing TNB wastage for our benefits.
Malaysian development in the hand of foreign labour - Part 1
I actually find this quite disturbing. We have poverty at one hand and not enough local labour on the other. As such we imported lots of foreigners (Indonesians, Bangladeshi, Nepalese, etc) to fill in the labour requirement gap. We have excess engineers and still we are importing ex-pat from Japan, German, United Kingdom, United States, etc.
Foreign labour considered cheap. They are. They can work long hours, expandable, dependable and replaceable in term of numbers. Locals however is more difficult to manage, more expensive and perhaps a bit more nuisance to the employer.
We are seeing foreign labours being utilized in almost all sectors, manufacturing, construction, agricultures and fisheries. The idea of employing these foreign labours is to minimize cost and maximize profits. The necessity of cost minimization is most important when we are dealing with goods (manufacturing) to be exported and we have to be up against the other bigger player such China, India, and Taiwan.
The remaining sectors however have higher returned margin and less bounded to this competitive environment.
Giving the options, it is natural for the employer to go for the cheaper and easier option, thus the foreign. This foreigner however is not cheap forever. Lots of them had realized their role and importance of the participation in our local development and started demanding for more. Simplest example is out maid sectors whereby it is harder to source for Indonesian maid and cost to have a maid kept escalating each year.
Prolonged dependency to the foreign labour will eventually led us to long-term negative impacts. Even if we look at ‘now’ scenario, we already seeing the following:
Depletion of local skilled labour
Huge amount of money transferred to foreigner country of origin – in exchange rate strength, this action is weakening our currency
Less cash being re-circulated back within the country – affecting local economic growth
Crime rate, tuberculosis back into the picture, gang, social value destruction, etc
The key principal to move forward to have more numbers for local labour and lessen the number of foreigners.
*** to be continue…
Foreign labour considered cheap. They are. They can work long hours, expandable, dependable and replaceable in term of numbers. Locals however is more difficult to manage, more expensive and perhaps a bit more nuisance to the employer.
We are seeing foreign labours being utilized in almost all sectors, manufacturing, construction, agricultures and fisheries. The idea of employing these foreign labours is to minimize cost and maximize profits. The necessity of cost minimization is most important when we are dealing with goods (manufacturing) to be exported and we have to be up against the other bigger player such China, India, and Taiwan.
The remaining sectors however have higher returned margin and less bounded to this competitive environment.
Giving the options, it is natural for the employer to go for the cheaper and easier option, thus the foreign. This foreigner however is not cheap forever. Lots of them had realized their role and importance of the participation in our local development and started demanding for more. Simplest example is out maid sectors whereby it is harder to source for Indonesian maid and cost to have a maid kept escalating each year.
Prolonged dependency to the foreign labour will eventually led us to long-term negative impacts. Even if we look at ‘now’ scenario, we already seeing the following:
Depletion of local skilled labour
Huge amount of money transferred to foreigner country of origin – in exchange rate strength, this action is weakening our currency
Less cash being re-circulated back within the country – affecting local economic growth
Crime rate, tuberculosis back into the picture, gang, social value destruction, etc
The key principal to move forward to have more numbers for local labour and lessen the number of foreigners.
*** to be continue…
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)